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Home > Bibliothèques > La gestion de la connaissance dans les
bibliothèques et les centres d'information et documentation
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En traduction
La gestion de la
connaissance, les bibliothèques et les services d'information et
documentation
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The library and the Information Center
In libraries and information centers,
knowledge organization systems
serve as bridges between
the user's
information requirements and the materials in the collection.
The
situation of a user that faces an
information retrieval
task
has some similarities to that of a learner. Both "learning" situations have
something in common, these are mainly knowledge management tasks. The user
must navigate in a structured organization of knowledge to reach an end point,
understand and select.
Knowledge organization is fundamental to
guarantee the user's access to materials in the collection, but most resources,
like thesaurus, are compiled by specialists for specialists, so the average user,
like students, researchers, politicians, lawyers, even casual users
strive to create an acceptable-to-optimal search strategy. They search to know,
but to search they must know.
Thesaurus
are still an object developed following practical considerations,
practically unchanged after several decades, and they attempt to represent
the knowledge structure
transferred by authors (as translated by thesaurus officials and indexers).
The main goal of a thesaurus is to
control and structure vocabulary to guarantee
indexing coherence
and
retrieval
efficacy, though it still could be used (or it is part of the intention) to help
users
understand
a specific domain
(offering semantic maps), showing concepts interrelationships, and helping to
formalize the definition of
terms.
Thesaurus can also be used as a
vocabulary acquisition
tool and to
activate thinking at online searching time.
The thesaurus is above all an expression of a specialized
technical language
and
classification schemes
from a lab or team, or of a domain in which the thesaurus
sediments practical experience and ideas. In this sense, it is a
deliberately
rigid
view (deformed, false and
distorted) of the world. The
natural user of a thesaurus is the
indexer, not the
end user.
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Facilitating user interaction with
the "knowledge
base"
The
user of a library or information or documentation center already has a
mental scheme
of the world, thinks in natural language. In his mind, the contents to be located or identified are not represented by a narrow
set of
descriptors, but by
concepts and relations. Therefore,
matching his information needs from his mental scheme to a restricted set of
concept-descriptors (or preferred terms) might not work, ending in frustration,
delusion and worse. The task fails. A classical case of
semantic noise.
The user's knowledge is structured in many
conceptual
categories
and with many
relation types,
not only hierarchical and (full or partial) synonymy, but mainly associative.
Why start from a specific concept from a list when any "relevant" concept
would may ease the search formation; for most users this strategy might even lead to
reconfiguring information needs and to
direct
learning.
The separation of knowledge domains is artificial. A holistic approach to
knowledge organization could also benefit exploration of knowledge bases, if the
thesaurus (or knowledge organization interface) has qualified links to other
knowledge domains (if knowledge organization must represent the wealth of scientific literature).
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The role of Knowledge Master in the
knowledge organization of information systems.
Knowledge Master produces conceptual knowledge bases.
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In a traditional thesaurus, the meaning of a descriptor responds to pragmatic
considerations of efficacy in retrieval, and to communication practice internal
to the small group using the system. On the other hand a
Knowledge Master
conceptual knowledge base tends (or is prepared to) reflect the
psychological structure of knowledge,
that of the user trying to build a search strategy.
Knowledge Master's conceptual knowledge bases handle concepts and relations
in the same way a thesaurus or an equivalent knowledge organization interface does,
but:
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it produces knowledge bases with a graphical interface, an evolution of
semantic networks, that aids perception. |
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this structure is closer to the user's mind organization |
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these knowledge bases, endowed with
a graphical interface can be multilayered,
adding another knowledge qualification facet, the context. |
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this graphical interface aids user perception of the knowledge structure |
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with semantic paths higher level concepts
can be illustrated, passing the marker
on a path of the map, that produces a full search enunciate |
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semantic paths can be reused |
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has internal search functions on each structural component of the knowledge
base |
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this graphical organization facilitates
the discovery of new relations, and a
better knowledge of the domain: this could improve the search experience and
results |
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it can be used to link a digital resource to related
material. |
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it can host any domain knowledge |
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it eases the construction of the search strategy |
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the cognitive use of voice offers an
additional communication channel. |
Searching, or constructing a search strategy is a personal goal-directed
behavior, aimed not only at satisfying the user's informational needs but
also to developing the average user's library proficiency. It inducts basic cognitive processes in search behavior and intellectual problem solving.
Other advantages:
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Using a conceptual knowledge base, closer to natural language (and
therefore to the searcher's mental scheme), brings the user nearer to the
contents to be searched. |
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Descriptors in the knowledge base can also be controlled. |
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It adapts to user behavior as described in contemporary psychology. |
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Concept description is directly linked to concept itself. |
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Offers a friendlier, attractive and meaningful interface, a direct
handling interface. |
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Direct cognitive indexing and hypertext-like retrieval. |
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A conceptual knowledge base can contain conceptual, declarative and
procedural knowledge. |
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The robust concept descriptions that can be produced with KM, represent more closely the
concepts in our mind that can be achieved with traditional concept
mapping. |
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Conceptual knowledge bases can be managed at a distance. |
Knowledge Master is an excellent tool to train librarians and information
specialists and users.
Paradoxically, in the so-called
"information age” the information experts, and the functions they perform
(corporate libraries, information centers, records center, archives, are in
danger of being left behind. Sometime librarians operate under an obsolete
conceptual model and operate as if the library was a warehouse…
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The application of knowledge management systems, methods and strategies
for
searching in libraries and information centers; knowledge management systems can
serve as bridges between a user's information needs and the material in a
collection.
La Gestion de la Connaissance et le système pour la
Gestion
de Contenus [CMS] L'interface cognitive du système d'information
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